Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Management - Essay Example The human resources available to an organization have a key strategic role in acquiring, implementing and maintaining a competitive strategy. Supervisors, trainers and developers play a pivotal role in improving the transfer of training by communicating their support for potential learning. The attitude and responses of supervisors, peers and trainers to the trainee can either hurt or help the whole process. The action taken by these partners before, during and after the training directly affects the likelihood that transfer will occur properly. Although organizations spend a lot of time and money on employees’ training annually, there exists no significant relationship between learning and actual job performance. However, when the learned skills are successfully transferred into effective performance, organizations can surely produce better outcomes. As the technological, economic, social and political environment is in a state of continual flux, it is critical for learning o rganizations to adjust and adapt to the dynamic market trends. Over the last decade, the role of trainers and developers has changed in an increasingly integrated world where phones, internet and improvements in infrastructure have progressively changed relationships. The pace of development is so rapid that even trained experts are unable to regulate, monitor and control its impacts properly. What may be regarded as a cultural shift in many organizations, trainers and developers need to adopt a different attitude towards their own involvement in organizations. Such prevailing market conditions also make it imperative that trainers and developers play a more active role in communicating the benefits of training and dealing with the performance problems. This paper attempts to investigate as to how and why has the role of trainers and developers changed in the last ten years. The study will also suggest future developments in the changing role of trainers and developers. Finally, the conclusion will analyze factors influencing the change and suggest effective measures for further improvements. Theory For decades, training and development of human resources is believed to have key strategic importance in determining the organization’s overall performance. As a field, training and development is considered to have evolved during the industrial revolution in America. In the present era of globalization, technological expansions have diversified the traditional role played by trainers and developers. According to a survey, a trainer these days assumes the job of a â€Å"corporate trainer, performance practitioner, lecturer, OD specialist, performance analyst, training leader, employee development specialist, operations improvement coordinator, leadership training associate, training sergeant, and continuous learning and improvement coach at the same time† (ASTD, 1996). From 2000 onwards, the role has become even more versatile with the industrial inte gration and advent of various technological aids. As the term suggests, human resource development is itself â€Å"the process of moving from one place to another, a process that we normally count as ‘change’

Class distinctions and dating Essay Example for Free

Class distinctions and dating Essay Willie Mossop started off at the beginning of this play as a shoemaker, in Hobsons Cellar. He was of a low class and had great potential but little ambition. His first step was when Mrs Hepworth said that she only wants her shoes to be made by Willie. The next step towards his final personality was when Maggie proposed to marry him. He then went off with Maggie and started off his own business and then, not only did he stand up to Hobson, his former master, but he also stood up to Maggie, his own wife. In this coursework I intend to explore the play from the perspective of Willie Mossops development. The shop windows and entrance from street occupy the left side. Facing the audience is the counter  The play starts off with a rather long description of the settings in the shop. This is because Harold Brighouse is making sure that the play should be in an entirely realistic scenery.  The first impression that we get of the family relationship is that the three daughters are quite friendly towards each other but together they all are against their father, Hobson. Maggie is the eldest of the children, all of whom are not yet married. Maggie has a stubborn nature and acts like a mother to the other two girls. She is strict, confident and she is very persuasive especially when she manages to get Albert out of the shop when it was very obvious in her mind that he wanted to speak to Alice. Hobson is fifty-five, successful, coarse, florid   When Hobson enters then for the first time we see the first time we see the whole family together. We can instantly tell that it is the girls that do the work in the shop and Hobson does nothing. His intention was to go to the Moonrakers which he usually spends most of the day, rather than working in the shop or being at home. He then feels very concerned about his family name, and about the daughters uppishness and bumptiousness so he doesnt go to the Moonrakers.  We see the three daughters dressed in nice clothes during the play. I find it hard to believe that Hobson actually cares about his daughters but rather he thinks that it is good for the business for the workers to wear nice clothes. When Hobson laughs at the thought of Maggie getting married and refers to her as being shelved, it is probable that she has been so busy looking after Hobson and her sisters that she did not have the time to get married.  The start of Willies success was when Mrs Hepworth comes in and instructs that her shoes are only going to be made by Willie. She then instructs further that she wants Willie to tell her if he is to ever move shops. During this episode Hobson manages to make a fool out of himself on numerous occasions. Firstly he tries to take the credit on himself, and then thinking the shoes were faulty made a further idiot out of himself. She then turns to Maggie ignoring Hobson and succeeds in getting an answer out of her. From this we see Mrs Hepworth as an upper class women and a well-respected customer in the Hobson shop. It is interesting to note that contrary to the belief of the times (that the husband was supposed to be in charge) Brighouse shows Maggie to champion the female sex and have total control over her husband. He cleverly reverses the commanding role from Willie to Maggie and represents her as the master of the house. Right from the beginning we see that Maggie has a very commanding and persuasive personality and as we move through the play we see Maggies persuasive nature winning. As she moves from minor things such as convincing Albert Prosser that he needed a new pair of boots to the outrageous act of marrying Willie and dismissing Ada Figgins whilst he was tokened to her. MAGGIE: Will Mossop, you take orders from me in this shop. Ive told you youll wed me.  WILLIE: Seems like theres no escape.  This was an innovative concept for those ages, for the daughter of a middle class bootmaker to marry a working class craftsman employed by her father. The social tradition was to marry into your own class or higher but certainly not into a lower class.  Another matter equally radical was her betrothal conflicting with her fathers views. It was particularly unusual in that period to marry without the consent and approval of ones parents. Here however Maggie exercises her views and would like to marry Willie Mossop ignoring all the social customs concerning class distinctions and dating. ALICE: I know, and if youre afraid to speak your thoughts, Im not. Look here, Maggie, what you do touches us and youre mistaken if you think Ill own Willie Mossop for my brother-in-law.MAGGIE: Is there supposed to be some disgrace in him?  ALICE: You ask father if theres disgrace. And look at me I had hopes of Albert Prosser till this happened.  MAGGIE: Youll marry Albert Prosser when hes able and that will be when he starts spending less on laundry bills and hair cream. Here we see her strong views concerning the elitists of the upper class. She strongly believes that they shouldnt be treated especially well because they have money, power and influence, unlike her sisters who grow into and marry upper class members. Maggie has clearly displayed her view on the stupidity of spending large sums of money on hair cream and laundry bills. The lower classes were unaccustomed to spending extensive amounts on these luxuries. She displays the honesty of her opinion by marring Willie, to the disgust of her relatives and succeeding to succeed over her father.

Stop the Killing: Pass Gun Control Legislation Now Essay -- Argumentat

A study by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) found that the rate of firearm death of children 14 and under is nearly twelve times higher in the U.S. than in 25 other industrialized nations. When comparing the high U.S. gun murder rate to that of other nations, it is vital to realize that the U.S. is also unique in one other relevant way: lax gun ownership restrictions. Almost all industrialized nations have more stringent regulations on weapons possession than the United States, and not surprisingly, all of them have a lower murder rate. Many people are finally beginning to recognize the rather significant correlation between high firearm murder rates and high accessibility of guns. Although an overwhelming majority of Americans recognize the need for stricter gun control laws (including 80 percent polled in New Jersey this year), conflict still exists, especially in the world of politics. Many politicians still insist that gun control is not the answer to gun violence, echoing th e sentiments of Republican Presidential frontrunner George W. Bush, who blames recent firearm-related deaths not on guns but on "a wave of evil passing through America." What they must realize is that while there may be some "evil" involved, malevolent intentions are harmless in the absence of the sufficient means to execute them. Guns provide these means, and the results are unfortunately instantaneous and irreversible. Fact: In 1997 alone, 32,436 Americans were killed with firearms.   This is about 1,000 fewer than the number of Americans killed in the Korean War and more than half the number killed in Vietnam. Fact: In 1997, over 11 children and teens (ages 19 and under) were killed with guns each and every day in the U.S. Fact: Guns kept... ...antage of this opportunity have been few and weak, immeasurably affected by the money and lobbying of the socially irresponsible NRA. If Congresspersons either refused to submit to NRA pressures or passed stricter campaign finance rules, there is no limit to the progress that could be made. Background checks at gun shows would be only the beginning of the beginning. There could be a licensing system for all gun owners. There could be even stricter limits on who can own a gun. After all, 90 percent of adult murderers have a previous adult criminal record; how about preventing anyone with a criminal record from owning a gun? There is no limit to what can be done, but as for now, we are at a standstill. There are still many kinds of assault weapons for legal sale. It is up to us to do everything we can to force Congress to do what it was meant to do: serve the people.

The Seven Principles For Making a Marriage Work :: essays research papers

The Seven Principles For Making a Marriage Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Seven Principles For Making Marriage Work there are seven myths and seven real truths about marriage. The first myth is that neuroses or personality problems will ruin a marriage. The truth about that myth is that we all have our crazy buttons or issues we’re not totally rational about, but they don't necessarily interfere with marriage. The key to a happy marriage isn't having a "normal" personality, but finding someone with whom you get along with. The second myth is that common interests keep you together. The truth is that it is a plus to have common interests with someone, but is all depends on how you interact with the other person while pursuing those interests. The third myth is the saying "You scratch my back and .....". The real truth about this myth is that it is only a truly unhappy marriage where this quid pro quo operates, where each partner feels the need to tally up things the other partner did. Married couples should just do things f or one another because it feels positive to them and their spouse. If you keep score in marriage it shows there is an area of tension in your marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another myth that is shown to us in this book would be that avoiding conflict in a relationship will ruin your marriage. The truth about this myth is that couples simply have different styles of conflict. Some avoid fighting with their spouses at all costs, some couples fight a lot, and some can find a compromise with out ever having to raise their voices. No one of these styles is better for the other it's just a matter of which style works for both spouses. The fifth myth that is portrayed is that affairs are the root cause of divorce. The truth is that problems in marriage which send couples on a path to divorce also tends to lead to one or both of the partners resort to an intimate relationship outside of marriage. Eighty percent of divorced men and women said their marriage broke up because they gradually grew apart and lost a sense of closeness, or because they did not feel loved or appreciated. The sixth myth that is talked about is that men are not biologi cally "built" for marriage. The truth is that among humans the frequency of extramarital affairs does not depend on the gender so much as the opportunity.

Psychology For Social Care Practice Essay

This essay will demonstrate my understanding of developments which occur at each stage of an individual’s life cycle. I will relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individual’s needs must be met to enable them to develop. The human life cycle can be broken down into 5 basic stages (Bingham et al. 2009); Infancy – 0-2 years Childhood – 2-12 years Adolescence – 12-21 years Adulthood – 21-65 years Older Adulthood – 65+ years During each stage of the life cycle, different physical, emotional, cognitive, social and cultural developments occur; In infancy, physical changes include learning to sit up, crawl and walk independently. At this stage, the infant will begin to look for attention from others and seek affection and love. Infants are able to interact with others by smiling/laughing and crying, and begin to form attachments to main care givers such as family members from around 6 months. Fine motor skills and communication skills (understanding and formation of words) develop rapidly in infancy and individuals will become used to the routines and norms of those around them. In childhood, physical development extends to skills in balance and control over the body. Emotionally, the child will continue to strengthen bonds with primary care givers and social development will move on to interactive play and forming friendships. Language and expression develop further and the child shows a capacity to learn new information and skills as well as learning about and conforming to social and cultural â€Å"norms†. The body begins to change significantly in adolescence; the individual will go through puberty. An adolescent will be more self aware than in childhood and will become detached from primary care givers, instead preferring to form closer relationships with friends and peers. The individual will form stronger affiliations to certain cultural and sub-cultural norms and will express these through personal appearance, partaking in activities and choosing certain peer groups. In early adulthood, the individual will reach a peak of physical fitness which they will thereafter have to â€Å"work at† to maintain. More physical demands are made on the body such as childbearing, work and aging. Emotionally, a person  in adulthood will have established a â€Å"role† possibly in their place of work, or at home as a parent- how effectively they fill their â€Å"role† can effect self esteem. Social development can become limited to those with similar careers or interests and c an be hindered by other responsibilities such as work and family commitments. Older adults may experience a decline in physical fitness – eyesight may deteriorate and the body may become weaker. Some individuals may remain fairly fit well into older adulthood and some may find that physical fitness can deteriorate rapidly. Older adulthood can be isolating and one’s self image can be altered through changing of roles eg. retirement. Socially, some find a sense of freedom in being able to leave work behind and â€Å"live†, others lose a sense of purpose and find that their world may become smaller and more family focused. Older adults will have a well established perception of themselves and what they find acceptable as part of their culture. For this essay I have used Mrs. Oswald as a case study. Mrs. Oswald is a resident at Thorneycroft residential care home for older people. She has been a resident at Thorneycroft for six months and at ninety-five years old, is in the final stage of development as detailed in the life cycle breakdown above. Mrs. Oswald is relatively able bodied, she is able to bathe herself but requires help getting in and out of the bath. She is able to move around independently, she does have a tripod to help her with this but she doesn’t tend to use it. She is prone to falling over and has fallen fifteen times since moving to Thorneycroft, this is not helped by her insomnia which leaves her restless at night so she ends up wandering around unattended. Mrs. Oswald is hard of hearing and requires a hearing aid but her eyesight is good when wearing her glasses. She has a good level of personal hygiene and takes pride in her appearance. Before coming to Thorneycroft she had home help who assisted her with household tasks such as cooking and housework and helped her with medication for her cellulitis. Mrs. Oswald was a midwife for fifty years, she is well educated and enjoys sharing her knowledge and talking about her career. She keeps her mind active by reading the newspaper, doing crossword puzzles and playing dominoes when she goes to the day centre but it is possible that these activities are not stimulating e nough for her. She is a little confused at times about her roles; she behaves as though Thorneycroft staff are her employees and adopts a matron-like attitude with them, which probably  crosses over from her role in her career as a midwife. She can be forgetful but does not have dementia and before moving to Thorneycroft was quite vulnerable as she sees the best in people and was being exploited by people doing odd jobs and coming in and out of her home. Mrs. Oswald appears to be content on the surface, she has started to accept death and talks about it openly. Her remaining family all live some distance away in England but she looks forward to a phonecall from her cousin each evening and seems to take comfort in speaking to him, appearing more settled after their conversations. She has outlived her close family – husband and daughters and appears lonely. Mrs. Oswald doesn’t talk much about her husband an daughters the way she does about her career, it is possible that talking about them makes her feel sad. As before, Mrs. Oswald has not made friends with other residents of Thorneycroft, though she has made a few friends at the daycentre. She likes to talk and could be encouraged to mix more which would he lp with her feelings of loneliness, she never had friends or visitors at home before she came to Thorneycroft as her family all live far away and only visit to attend review meetings every six months. She has not formed close relationships with staff at Thorneycroft, instead, as mentioned before she treats them as her employees. Mrs. Oswald is an articulate and well spoken individual who has come from a middle class background. She appears to be well educated and has had a successful career as a midwife spanning fifty years. She had her daughters when she was young and out of wedlock, as a result they were brought up by her mother and Mrs. Oswald left at sixteen to begin her training as a midwife. Her career was important to her and she concentrated on this, not having any more children and marrying late in life. Her middle class upbringing has followed her through life, and she still takes pride in her appearance and has a strong sense of what she believes to be â€Å"proper†. Her husband and her enjoyed going on cruises and she is well- travelled. She does not attend church services or appear to be religious at all. In order for them to progress successfully through each stage in the life cycle, an individual’s needs at each stage must be met. For example, our most basic physical needs are shelter and nourishment, if these needs are not met in the infant stage, potential for development and progression into childhood will be threatened. For each aspect of development, certain needs must be met; Physical – The body must be kept fit and healthy through nourishment, shelter from the elements and the cold, excercise and rest. Emotional – The need to be loved and to feel love for others. Good self esteem can be established from feeling loved and wanted by others. Social – Being able to interact and build relationships with people around you. Cognitive – The need for opportunities to learn and develop knowledge and keep the mind active. Cultural – Having your values, religion, diet, language etc.(norms) as part of your daily life. In order for me to understand the needs of Mrs. Oswald and to what extent her needs have been met throughout her life, I examined Erik Erikson’s theory of eight â€Å"psychosocial† stages. Erikson believed that humans develop through eight predetermined stages (a detailed table of these can be found in appendix 1) and in order to progress successfully through life, we must â€Å"successfully negotiate ea ch stage† and that failure to do so results in â€Å"mental deficiencies such as lack of trust, which will remain with us throughout life† (Collin et al., p. 273). Each stage has one positive outcome and one negative outcome, and individuals progress through each life stage with a mixture of both, the differences between positive and negative being a result of the environment the individual is developing in. Mrs. Oswald, as an adolescent, would have experienced role confusion. She was from a middle class background but fell pregnant at a young age, resulting in her being hidden away and her mother raising her children as her own. It would have gone against Mrs. Oswald’s role as a respectable young girl to have children at such a young age. She went off to train as a midwife at sixteen and left her family and her daughters behind. She concentrated on her career and appeared not to have any intimacy throughout young adulthood. This was resolved in mature adulthood when Mrs. Oswald got married and enjoyed the intimacy which she had missed out on in young adulthood. She never had any more children but her husband nd her appeared to have a ha ppy life and they enjoyed travelling together. Mrs. Oswald is now in maturity and has begun to talk about death in an accepting way. Her needs may not have been met in the early stages of her life where she did not conform to her role in society and her life lacked intimacy, but later in life she had a successful and satisfying career and a happy marriage. I have used Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (see appendix 2) to assess how  Mrs. Oswald’s needs are being met now. â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs starts at the basic physiological needs we need just to stay alive. Once these are made we have a need for safety, then we want love and affection. Within our group we want to have self esteem. Finally we have a need of satisfying our full potential that Maslow calls Self Actualization† (Deeper Mind). Maslow believed that one’s needs had to be met at each stage of the hierarchy before the needs at the next stage could be attended to. The first category in Maslow’s hierarchy refers to physiological needs. I believe that most of Mrs. Oswald’s needs are being met a t this level. She has plenty to eat and drink and since she is mobile she has some level of excercise. She can have fresh air and she has warmth and shelter. However, Mrs. Oswald’s need for sleep is not being met at Thorneycroft. She suffers from insomnia which is not helped by the fact that her bed is too small and therefore uncomfortable for her to sleep in. This has resulted in her being reluctant to settle in bed at night at all, so she is losing out on sleep. As a result of all her physiological needs not being met, all of Mrs. Oswald’s safety needs are not being met either. Although she has shelter and security at Thorneycroft, the fact that she does not sleep has compromised her safety as she has a tendency to wander around at night time and is prone to falling as her mobility is not great. Mrs. Oswald appears sad that she has outlived her close family and her husband and doesn’t speak about them much. She does have some distant family whom she speaks with on the phone every night which brings her some comfort, but she remains distant with others and reluctant to form close relationships with staff or fellow residents. Her need for love and belonging has not been satisfied. In order for Mrs. Oswald to progress and reach self actualisation the care staff at Thorneycroft must work on the needs which are not being met. Getting her a bed which is comfortable for her to sleep in may help her to settle at night and reduce the risk of a fall. She could be encouraged to mix more with fellow residents and form closer relationships with them as well as staff. This will help with Mrs. Oswald’s sense of love and belonging and boost her self-esteem which will help her to reach self actualisation. References BBC (2014) BBC News Magazine. [Online] Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23902918 [Accessed 13/11/2014] BINGHAM, E. et al (2009) HNC Social Care for Scotland. 12th Ed. Essex: Heinemann. COLLIN, C. et al (2012) The Psychology Book. London: DK London. MACLEOD, S. (2011) Simply Psychology. [Online] Available form :http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html [Accessed 11/11/2014]. NORWOOD, G. (2014) Deeper Mind. [Online] Available from: http://www.deepermind.com/20maslow.htm [Accessed 11/11/2014]

Imitation - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Imitation s in Rhetoric Definition In rhetoric and composition, imitation is an exercise in which students read, copy, analyze, and paraphrase the text of a major author. Also known (in Latin) as  imitatio. It is a universal rule of life, says Quintilian in the Institutes of Oratory (95), that we should wish to copy what we approve in others. Etymology From the Latin, imitate Examples and Observations Never hesitate to imitate another writer. Imitation is part of the creative process for anyone learning an art or a craft. . . . Find the best writers in the field that interests you and read their work aloud. Get their voice and their taste into your eartheir attitude toward language. Dont worry that by imitating them youll lose your own voice and your own identity. Soon enough you will shed those skins and become who you are supposed to become.(William Zinsser, On Writing Well. Collins, 2006)The writers we absorb when were young bind us to them, sometimes lightly, sometimes with iron. In time, the bonds fall away, but if you look very closely you can sometimes make out the pale white groove of a faded scar, or the telltale chalky red of old rust.(Daniel Mendelsohn, The American Boy. The New Yorker January 7, 2013) Red Smith on Imitation When I was very young as a sportswriter I knowingly and unashamedly imitated others. I had a series of heroes who would delight me for a while . . . Damon Runyon, Westbrook Pegler, Joe Williams . . .. I think you pick up something from this guy and something from that. . . . I deliberately imitated those three guys, one by one, never together. Id read one daily, faithfully, and be delighted by him and imitate him. Then someone else would catch my fancy. Thats a shameful admission. But slowly, by what process I have no idea, your own writing tends to crystallize, to take shape. Yet you have learned some moves from all these guys and they are somehow incorporated into your own style. Pretty soon youre not imitating any longer. (Red Smith, in No Cheering in the Press Box, ed. by Jerome Holtzman, 1974) Imitation in Classical Rhetoric The three processes by which a classical or medieval or Renaissance man acquired his knowledge of rhetoric or anything else were traditionally Art, Imitation, Exercise (Ad Herennium, I.2.3). The art is here represented by the whole system of rhetoric, so carefully memorized; Exercise by such schemes as the theme, the declamation or the progymnasmata. The hinge between the two poles of study and personal creation is the imitation of the best extant models, by means of which the pupil corrects faults and learns to develop his own voice. (Brian Vickers, Classical Rhetoric in English Poetry. Southern Illinois University Press, 1970) The Sequence of Imitation Exercises in Roman Rhetoric The genius of Roman rhetoric resides in the use of imitation throughout the school course to create sensitivity to language and versatility in its use. . . . Imitation, for the Romans, was not copying and not simply using the language structures of others. On the contrary, imitation involved a series of steps . . .. At the outset, a written text was read aloud by a teacher of rhetoric . . .. Next, a phase of analysis was used. The teacher would take the text apart in minute detail. The structure, word choice, grammar, rhetorical strategy, phrasing, elegance, and so forth, would be explained, described, and illustrated for the students. . . . Next, students were required to memorize good models. . . . Students were then expected to paraphrase models. . . . Then students recast the ideas in the text under consideration. . . . This recasting involved both writing as well as speaking . . .. As part of imitation, students would then read aloud a paraphrase or a recasting of ones own text for the teacher and his classmates before moving on to the final phase, which involved correction by the teacher. (Donovan J. Ochs, Imitation. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996) Imitation and Originality All of these [ancient rhetorical] exercises required students to copy the work of some admired author or to elaborate on a set theme. Ancient dependence upon material composed by others may seem strange to modern students, who have been taught that their work should be original. But ancient teachers and students would have found the notion of originality quite strange; they assumed that real skill lay in being able to imitate or to improve on something written by others. (Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004) Also See Sentence ImitationMimesisCommonplace BookCopiaDissoi LogoiImitating the Style of the  Spectator, by Benjamin FranklinPasticheProse Sentence-Imitation Exercises Sentence-Imitation Exercise: Complex SentencesSentence-Imitation Exercise: Compound SentencesSentence-Imitation Exercise: Creating Sentences With CommasSentence-Imitation Exercise: Creating Sentences With Semicolons, Colons, and Dashes

The Danger of Long-Term Exposure with Crystal Meth Essays

The Danger of Long-Term Exposure with Crystal Meth Essays The Danger of Long-Term Exposure with Crystal Meth Paper The Danger of Long-Term Exposure with Crystal Meth Paper Methamphetamine, more famously recognized in its street name as â€Å"Crystal Meth†, is a silent killer among long-term users. The effects vary widely and depend on the amount taken, time of exposure with the drug, methods of consumption, user’s weight, age, and lifestyle. It is a powerful stimulant that even small doses can have an immediate effect and last longer in the brain than most of the common street drugs. In 2006, 1. 9 million Americans age 12 and older had abused the drug at least once (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2008). Instead of creating a rush in sensation, Crystal Meth provides a longer-lasting high of up to 12 hours just from an initial intake. This sudden high is believed to have resulted from high-level of neurotransmitter dopamine exposure. Dopamine is responsible for the pleasurable sensations in the brain that creates a â€Å"sense of well being†. Aside from the high, users also experience increased alertness, rapid talking, and eye wiggles. Long-term Crystal Meth abuse produces permanent and damaging effects, both physically and psychologically. Addiction is the most documented psychological side-effect of prolonged methamphetamine usage. It is a continual, degenerating disease, described by compulsive drug-seeking and drug abuse. It is triggered by the functional and molecular changes in the brain. Tolerance on the drug will only heighten the addiction level because users will need larger dosage to achieve the same desired effects. Chronic abuse can lead to psychotic behavior, characterized by intense paranoia, mood disorders brought by visual and auditory hallucinations, out of control rages illustrated by a sudden burst of anger and shouting. Interviews from patients in rehabilitation areas around Toronto showed that they continue to feel a tingling sensation of insects creeping on their skin. This irritating feeling made them scratch and pick at their skin that results to open sores and infection. These psychological effects are intensified when the user suddenly stops taking the drug. Temporary physiological effects include hyperactivity, decrease in appetite, increase in stamina and energy, involuntary body movements, nausea, skin irritations and headaches. There is also a problem known as â€Å"Meth mouth† where users have rotting teeth because of reduced blood flow. Cardiovascular problems found are increase in heart rate, irregular heartbeat, and irreversible, stroke-producing damage to small blood vessels that will eventually lead to stroke and heart failures. Extended dependency or overdose effects can include a change in the sleeping pattern, restlessness, gastrointestinal narrowing from lengthened eating disorders, tremor and weakened immunity. Prolonged use of up to several years can lead to erectile dysfunction, liver, kidney and lung damage. Scientific studies on animals with long-term methamphetamine exposure have confirmed that it has toxic effects on the dopamine-containing areas of the brain. The toxic effect of the drug has been the leading cause of death in Honolulu, Hawaii. According to Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Kanthi De Alwis, this deadly drug could be the liable for 80 fatalities in the region within the year. An increase in stroke, bronchial asthma and heart attacks can point to Crystal Meth dependency. Even only on the early month of August, 44 deaths have been listed as methamphetamine-related. It has been alarming for her to discover that these natural deaths like stroke can now be caused by using Crystal Meth on a long-term basis (Gordon, 2004). Stopping the danger of overdose and long-exposure from methamphetamines may already be too late for those patients that have received permanent damage. Proper awareness from the effects of this drug can save thousands of lives in the United States alone. Contacting a medical professional is advisable. Institutions like the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto can give advice to those family members who want to rehabilitate their love ones who are Crystal Meth dependent. Reference Methamphetamine – NIDA Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics (2008). Retrieved September 29, 2008, from nida. nih. gov/DrugPages/Methamphetamine. html Information About Crytsal Meth. (2006). Center for Addiction and Mental Health. Toronto. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from camh. net/About_Addiction_ Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/crystal_meth_information. html Gordon, Mike. (2004). Crytsal Meth Kills in Unexpected Ways. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from http://the. honoluluadvertiser. com/article/2004/Sep/05/ln/ln03a. html

How To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts In One Tool

How To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts In One Tool Wouldnt life be a whole lot easier if you could just manage multiple social media accounts in one place? Imagine removing the hassle of logging in and out of every social network and profile, remembering how often to post to each network and when (and if you did or didnt), and setting reminders to write, approve, and post social messages without a defined process. Your imagination is probably filling up with rides on unicorns over rainbow bridges at the sheer thought that managing multiple social media accounts doesnt have to be an organizational nightmare. But its true- your dream of getting organized can become a reality. And you dont need a  unicorn (as cool as that would be).  So today, lets take a look at how to manage all of your social media in one place. How To Manage Multiple #SocialMedia Accounts The Easy WayConsider this a step-by-step guide to: Organize your social media management to help you share faster than ever Create one clear version of the truth for all of your social media accounts and messages Plan all social media in one place to finally keep your sanity with social media while you manage everything else Lets do this. 1. Gather All Of Your Profiles Into One Social Media Accounts List Chances are, you have a handful of profiles on a bunch of different social networks. And to boot, some of these social media accounts are your companys profiles, while others are your  personal professional profiles. The first step to manage all of your accounts easily is to create a master social media accounts list that you can later enter into the tool where youll manage all of your social media in one place. How To Manage Multiple #SocialMedia Accounts The Easy WayAt this point, youre not looking for anything fancy- use a napkin, spreadsheet, or Google Doc to simply list out every one of your business social profiles. Make a list of  your companys: Twitter handles Facebook page Facebook groups LinkedIn company profile Google+ page Pinterest profile Next, create a social media accounts list for your personal profiles where youll share your companys information. Write a list of your #socialmedia accounts. Then find the tool to post to all of them.Personal professional profiles are often on LinkedIn and Twitter where youve built relationships with your followers to share your companys content- along with industry niche content. Again, make a list of  your personal accounts across your networks: Twitter handles Facebook profile Facebook group LinkedIn profile Tumblr blog Pinterest profile Easy, right!? Your next step is to find the  app that supports  your social  media accounts to help you manage all of them in one place. Takeaway: Build a comprehensive list of all of your social media accounts. Make one column for your business profiles and another for your personal professional profiles to which youd like to maintain private access  (so your team cant post to your profiles). Recommended Reading: How To Improve Your Social Media Management In 30 Days 2. Create A Checklist To Find Your App To Manage Multiple Social Media Accounts At this point, youre pulling together a checklist of requirements to help you choose the tool that will work best for your unique needs. Here are a few requirements to kick off  your checklist  as you search for your app: Manage All Social Media In One Place Use the  list of social media accounts you just created to help you find a tool that supports those networks. The goal here is to find a tool thatll eliminate the hassle of logging in and out of social networks and profiles. For example, if you use Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest to reach your audience, find a tool that will help you  post  to those social networks. Separate Your Business Accounts List From Your Personal Accounts It makes sense to share access to your business social media accounts with the rest of your team. But you probably want to keep your personal profiles private while still getting the benefits of bonus traffic from those accounts. Find a tool that helps you keep your privacy- so only you can post to your personal profiles- while giving  the right team members access to your companys accounts. That will help you stay organized by managing all of your social media accounts in one tool while avoiding any *surprises* on your personal profiles. Get and stay organized with a social media project management tool like . #bloggingKeep Your Team Accountable With Historical  Logs Know exactly who  posted what,  when they posted it, and which accounts they posted to. A historical  log to help you see changes, edits, and what was eventually posted will help you  keep the team accountable for reaching deadlines while keeping you organized. Get Organized With  A Social Account  Workflow Chance are, your campaigns run on  multiple social media accounts. Find a system that helps you define a workflow to make your content creation and approval process painless while also helping you and your team stay organized. Manage everything in one app rather than doing it in a few.This way, you can manage everything in one app  rather than  maintaining a separate project management tool. If youre creating a social media campaign, youll need some help from your team to write social messages, design awesome social media images, schedule your  messages, and approve your campaign. A workflow built into your tool- right where you create your social media content- will help you stay super organized with the entire process. Recommended Reading: How To Quadruple Your Traffic With A Social Media Editorial Calendar Customize Roles For Different Team Members To View Social Messages Sometimes, its nice to help certain people in your company see social messages but not let them edit your hard work. Have a plan to keep  those nit-pickers out of your social media messages  by letting them just see whats going on without letting them change your  projects. Features like this help with approval processes for those folks in your company who just want to see everything going out. Recommended Reading:   How To Assemble A Content Marketing Team For Your Blog How To Create The Best Content Ever With Your Cross-Functional Team See All Messages For Every Account On One Social Dashboard A great tool will help you plan the messages  youll share to each social media account before your  content publishes. Imagine creating an entire social media posting schedule for a blog post or landing page a week before your content is set to launch. Youd avoid  the last-minute promotion frenzy, strategically plan your social messages, and get super organized. Find a tool that allows you to see all your messages on one social dashboard.Find a tool where you can see all of your messages for your own content- and curated content- on one social dashboard. For example, social media editorial calendars serve as a perfect  way to see every message youre planning for every single account- including  messages that are already published and those that you will share in the future. This type of social dashboard is handy because you can visually see the times, days, networks, and specific accounts in an at-a-glance view. Takeaway:  Use these requirements as a starting point, then define a complete list of features youd like your social media account manager tool to have. Create a checklist of your requirements  to help you find the app that is the right fit for you. 3. Commit To Managing All Social Media In One Place Since youre looking for a solution to manage multiple social media accounts in one place, Ill fill you in on a little secret: can help you do just that. is a content and social media editorial calendar that combines blogging, content marketing, social media, and project management all into a single tool. Its perfect for managing all of your social media in one place- and will help you get super organized. Lets explore how to use  Ã‚  to remove the time-sucking hassle of managing multiple social media accounts: Manage  Every Profile From Your Social Media Accounts List Integrate the accounts on your list into . Simply log in to your social networks, then connect each of your accounts with a couple simple clicks: From here, youll have a complete list of your social media accounts all in one place. Now all you need to do is check which accounts youd like to remain private so only you have access to share content to those accounts: So now you have one list of social media accounts you manage, yet they are separated into public and personal profiles: Whats cool is that  the rest of your team can also have personal profiles that only they see, too. That means all of you  get the benefits of privacy and still get lots of traffic from employee advocacy. Win-win! Organize Your Social Media Content Creation And Approval Process Chances are, if youre focusing on social media, youre also creating awesome content. So why not plan to share to your social media accounts in the  workflow youre  already using? For example, on a  blog post like the one youre reading right now, youd probably like to share to multiple social media accounts. So create the blog post first, then collaborate with your  team to plan how youll share the content on social media. You can now organize your social media content creation and approval process.This is what your  workflow might look like in : Now  simply follow the workflow step by step.  And when your team has questions  or progress updates along the way, they can check off their tasks and use comments to fill you in. Start by  writing  your messages in using social helpers: Then schedule your social messages for every account using the social queue.  Since you wrote your messages in social helpers, you dont need to copy and paste, but instead, simply write the tag into new messages to easily reuse what youve already written: And finally, add in images and graphics into your social messages with the image selector: Now you have a social dashboard  view of all the messages scheduled on  all of your social media accounts for a single campaign- complete with days and previews, and  best time scheduling so you will get the most engagement possible for your content: If Your Social Media  Approval Process  Gets Advanced If your workflow requires some higher-ups to see your content for approval (but lets just say you dont want them to edit your hard work), you can let them see your progress with custom roles. Just  build a custom role in , then add them to your team and assign them that role: You can also  keep everyone accountable (and keep those big wigs happy) by knowing exactly who did what, when they did it, and to which social media accounts they sent messages with security and access logs: Use One Social Dashboard To See  Messages For Every Social Media Account At this point, you have a full list of all of the messages for every social media account for a single campaign. Thats a terrific view to understand how youre sharing a specific blog post- or any piece of content, really. What if there was one social dashboard that let you see all your social media accounts? When you step out of the view of working on just one piece, however, its natural to want to see every message youll send to every one of your social media accounts. So what better way is there to do that than with a calendar that shows you the specific date and time your messages will send? At this point, you can see when certain days have more social messages scheduled than others- and to which accounts- so you can easily drag and drop messages from any account from one day to another. That will help you avoid bombarding your followers with too many messages while consistently connecting with them to get the most engagement. Use Your App As Your Personal Social Media Organizer Whatever tool you choose as the app to manage your multiple social media accounts, make sure it helps you eliminate  the  tediousness of using multiple tools to complete the work that one could really help you do. Think of your app as your very own personal social media manager.Heres another way to think about this: You could manage your social media accounts with multiple tools, but consolidating and automating at least some parts of your process will help you get organized, stress a whole lot less, and save a ton of time. And if seems like a great place to get started to manage your social media accounts, take advantage of the 14-day free trial to get your feet wet. I promise you, its the tool Id  use if I were in your sopping  shoes. :) (I know sorry about the lame jokes.)

Dr. Burn and His Profession Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dr. Burn and His Profession - Case Study Example According to the paper, his vision for his practice was to have highest market share and offer a comprehensive dental care that included periodontal services, orthodontics, endodontics and oral surgeries. Dr. Burn presently had 40% of the market share and to achieve his vision and goals, he needed to gain competitive advantage vis-Ã  -vis quality service, technology driven dental treatment and providing comprehensive dental care. The strategic plans encompass developing new skills and improving the service delivery. He had three full time and three part time staff that worked for 46 hours per week. Dr. Burn believed in constantly keeping updated with the latest advancements in the dentistry and offered the best treatments to his patients who would otherwise had to travel long distance to see specialists. Waterlase was new laser based treatment that did not require anesthesia, was relatively painless and facilitated bloodless surgery and other treatment. This was main attraction, esp ecially for patients who were afraid of blood and pain. As very few dental care clinics had this treatment facility, it could be a major element of competitive advantage which could help gain larger market share. His move to upmarket place would provide him opportunities to expand the services and have space for new dental technology. Customer satisfaction was key ingredient that provides the dental office with huge credibility and therefore all new purchase and new services were designed towards enhancing customer satisfaction in terms of treatment, service and cost affordability. The increasing number of patients indicates the popularity of Dr. Burn and growth. The case has issues and not problems that need to be addressed. The major issue was whether investment in new laser technology, called Waterlase would be economically profitable. It was a new dental laser that allowed dental treatment without anesthesia.

Biology2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology2.1 - Essay Example sion of the virus to humans occurs as a result of human contact with an already infected fowl as well as contaminated surfaces (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 13). By definition, transmission is the spread or passing of a contagious infection from one person to another or from a contaminated surface or animal to humans. Contamination is very likely to occur in Asia due to poor hygiene amongst Asians contributed by high population. In these areas therefore, a pandemic is most likely to occur when birds are infected. In laymans terms, a pandemic is an outbreak. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention notes that the mortality or death rate as a result of a Bird Flu infection is between 90-100 per cent in most cases in forty eight hours (par. 3). This virus can pose a global threat if it changes to a form that can enhance or enable its transmission from one human being to another (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 15). Bird Flu replicates through a lytic cycle. Lytic cycle is whereby the virus invades the genetic material of the host animal and subsequently exploit the host cells to reproduce till the cells rupture hence killing them. In comparison, the virus in a lysogenic cycle reproduces without killing the cell (Brooker 379). Once a pathogen, in this case the virus attacks the human, the body reacts through adaptive immunity whereby it is able to identify the virus in case of re-infection and immediately produces antibodies that starts to attack the virus to destroy or kill it. The cells responsible for this process are B-cells and T-cells. T-cells kills the cells infected with the virus and trigger production of cells referred to as interferon that slows down its reproduction (Nathanson 88). To treat viral infections, antiviral drugs to prevent replication of the virus can be administered or drugs to kill the infected cells without killing the host (Nathanson 238). Flu vaccines are made using dead viruses. These dead viruses

Introducing a line of bottled water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introducing a line of bottled water - Essay Example In order to differentiate within the market, the supplements would be developed so that the water taste was not changed, and through marketing to the segment of the population that is starting to experience minor ailments and issues that can be directly addressed through supplements. The segment would be the aging population that is 40 and over. Marketing will also have to be directed to a broader demographic through onsite marketing that is less specific to age. As the bottled water market has increased steadily since 1997, the potential for success is high. Introduction Bottled water has become a staple in Western society, a trend that stems from a variety of areas of concern. One of the reasons that bottled water has become a prominent resource for hydration is that the fitness industry has determined that a significant amount of water, usually defined by about 2 litres, per day is necessary for good health (World Health Organisation 2004: 486). Another reason that bottled water h as become more marketable in the last few decades is that public water, as in tap water, has come under attack for the purity and safety that it contains. As a result, a natural marriage between the health industry and bottled water has emerged in which diversification into the bottled water market makes sense for corporations that have health related products already in their product line. One company that has yet to develop bottled water is GlaxoSmithKline. Through the exploration of their current line of products and brands, along with an exploration of the overall market, the addition of a line of water to the GlaxoSmithKline product line would enhance the current product line as well as open up a new market. The brand name of the proposed new line of water will be called PURE with a supplemental line of text used to define which type of water is being offered. The line of bottled water would not simply be the one line of basic water, but in order to appeal to the chosen demogra phic, a line of water with supplements within them would increase the potential success of the line. Taking the example of waters such as Dasani by the Coke product line and Aquafina by the Pepsi product line, creating flavoured waters or water with minerals and supplements has shown to have success. The twist on this line of water is that all of the water will taste like water, but will have supplements that target the differing needs of those who are aging. GlaxoSmithKline Company Overview Formed in 2001 through a merger between GlaxoWelcome and SmithKline Beecham, the company holds its headquarters in Great Britain with most of its business being conducted in the United States. As a pharmaceutical leader, the company is a leader in respiratory, central nervous system research, diabetes and vaccines, with 2003 seeing pre-tax sales of more than 21.4 billion. Profits were approximately 6.3 billion with an investment

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Question - Essay Example Due to the complex competitive and fast moving world, it is pivotal for organization to have the ability to innovate and install sooner. The role of leadership is vital for sustaining, creating and managing innovation. Leaders have the capability to be flexible in problem solving, intuition and possess the quality of curiosity to the drive the growth and success of organization (Posner, 2012). Leadership can change the climate of organization which can eventually help for innovation. Every successful organization has leaders who can use their head effectively, create open and supportive environment in workplace and finally facilitating idea with guts. Leadership role is also to inspire, collaborate and make creative process for the betterment of organization. Motivation of people in workplace, focusing on change management and setting direction are the critical role of leadership for sustaining innovation. Reward system for employee has been one method to motivate the employees. The beneficiary factor of this system is that it can motivate employees for the benefit of organization. Reward is completely different from salary. Individual reward system is providing employee higher pay rate or other benefits on the basis of skills and dedication towards the work. Certain employee provides every effort necessary to make the company successful. This individual employee is provided rewards for their effort and will power. The reason behind the use of individual rewards system to create a clear plan, motivate to perform better. Individual reward can give provide huge motivational factor than that of group rewards. It can simply boost the performance of single individual employee. The ethical implication of individual reward system can help other personnel in an organization to understand the reason behind the personal reward (Williams, 2012). This can effectively boost

Managing Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing Performance - Essay Example Many managers have been â€Å"speaking† and practicing effective performance management naturally all their supervisory lives, but don’t know it!†(A Handbook for Measuring Employee Performance, 2001, p.3). Manpower is the only active element in an organization whereas all the other organizational resources are passive in nature. Since human has emotions, intelligence, and the ability to think, his activities will be primarily motivated or controlled by these individual characteristics. No two individuals are alike and therefore a manager will struggle to implement a uniform management style in an organization. In short, individual differences have to be taken into the account while managers devise their strategies for managing employees. In other words, managing individual performance is a complex task. This paper analyses why the management of individual performance in an organization is a complex issue. Team work is encouraged in majority of the current organizations because of the advantages of team work over individual work. However, it should be noted that individuals constitute a team and therefore individual characteristics can affect team work also. Majority of the decisions in a team is taken after a team meeting. Frisch (2008) mentioned that â€Å"reaching collective decisions based on individual preferences is an imperfect science† (Frisch, 2008). Team meetings usually give more importance to the majority’s opinion while taking decisions. It is not necessary that majority’s decisions may always be the right ones. Members of a team may have some common interests and they will vote for safeguarding their interest. It is not necessary that such interests may suit to the interests of the organization. For example, majority of the team members may show reluctance in working overtime for the completion of a project. If the team leader accepts the majorityâ⠂¬â„¢s opinion, the completion of the project could be delayed. Majority’s opinion

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Question - Essay Example Due to the complex competitive and fast moving world, it is pivotal for organization to have the ability to innovate and install sooner. The role of leadership is vital for sustaining, creating and managing innovation. Leaders have the capability to be flexible in problem solving, intuition and possess the quality of curiosity to the drive the growth and success of organization (Posner, 2012). Leadership can change the climate of organization which can eventually help for innovation. Every successful organization has leaders who can use their head effectively, create open and supportive environment in workplace and finally facilitating idea with guts. Leadership role is also to inspire, collaborate and make creative process for the betterment of organization. Motivation of people in workplace, focusing on change management and setting direction are the critical role of leadership for sustaining innovation. Reward system for employee has been one method to motivate the employees. The beneficiary factor of this system is that it can motivate employees for the benefit of organization. Reward is completely different from salary. Individual reward system is providing employee higher pay rate or other benefits on the basis of skills and dedication towards the work. Certain employee provides every effort necessary to make the company successful. This individual employee is provided rewards for their effort and will power. The reason behind the use of individual rewards system to create a clear plan, motivate to perform better. Individual reward can give provide huge motivational factor than that of group rewards. It can simply boost the performance of single individual employee. The ethical implication of individual reward system can help other personnel in an organization to understand the reason behind the personal reward (Williams, 2012). This can effectively boost

5000 word essay Critically compare and contrast jungian therapy versus

5000 word Critically compare and contrast jungian therapy versus person centred counselling - Essay Example Therefore, this focuses on assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioural problems and disorders. If one desires to deal with this ability, it would encompass the efforts on the ways in which the human psyche interacts with physical, emotional, and social aspects of health and dysfunction. Clinical psychology uses the scientific method to approach and understand human problems in behaviour, emotions, thinking, relationships, and health, and it uses what is known about the principles of human behaviour to help people with numerous troubles and concerns they experience during the course of life in their relationships, emotions, and physical selves. Contemporary clinical psychology uses integrative approaches to understand and address problems in human behaviour. Individual perspectives, indeed, contribute important pieces of understanding to the puzzle of human behaviour, but these pieces often need to be joined in a novel way together to visualize the whole picture and to provide the most complete and holistic perspective. For example, advances in biology have provided important knowledge about the role of neurotransmitters in depression. Similarly personal variables, such as, poverty, discrimination, and community support in depression are well appreciated. Ultimately , an intelligent melding of these biological, psychological, and social factors leads to intervention strategies that best address the complex needs of depressed individuals. Thus, one theoretical orientation alone may not address the complexity of the person seeking help. Although various clinical psychologists may be closely aligned to one particular theoretical or philosophical orientation, most contemporary clinical psychologists believe that problems in human behaviour are multidimensional, and they, therefore, use an integrative approach that suggests that

The positive change Essay Example for Free

The positive change Essay Economic growth implies the positive change or increase in the level of production of goods and services by a given economy or country over a certain period of time. Economic growth can either be nominal economic growth or real economic growth. Nominal economic growth in an increase in production which also include inflation. Real economic growth in the increase in production excluding inflation. The nominal economic growth does not factor inflation and as such the growth is given in monetary terms in the market price whereas in the real economic growth, the growth is given in monetary terms but expressed in constants prices implying that the later expression does not suffer from the money illusion. The differentiating between the real and nominal economic growth is important because the unit in which its expressed, that is monetary terms is subject to changes that make its value to increase or decline, making it less reflective on the real physical increase in goods and services produced in a given country over a specified period of time. Causes of economic growth Economic growth therefore from the definition can be perceived as the change in the countrys Gross Domestic Product, and for this matter an increase in the Gross domestic product. From the expenditure approach of calculating the Gross Domestic product, the GDP is comprised of the sum of Consumption, investment, government purchase and also the net exports. The change in the components of the Gross domestic product is what that brings about the economic growth and this is according to QuickMBA Consumption is the largest component of the gross domestic product and it comprises the durable and non-durable goods and also services expenditure which are incurred by the ultimate users of the goods and the services. The term ultimate user has been used so as to avoid the double counting problem which may arise when estimating consumption, because one firms output can be used as an input in the other firm, and for this reason a mistake may be done of recounting the output which was already counted implying double counting. Consumption is however not affected by value of the goods which are imported. Investment implies the purchase of fixed assets which are expected to assist in the further production of goods and services, and also the increase in the inventory which means the increase in the number of goods and services that have been produced but not yet consumed. The inventories are perceived as being Investments because they are assets which are expected to be sold out for economic gain. The Investments are assumed to be financed by the savings that are made after the consumption. The government purchases implies the summation of all government expenditures and then subtracting the government transfer payments. The transfer payments imply the payments made to transactions which did not contribute to the production of goods and services, therefore they are subtracted from the government expenditure because they did not contribute to the GDP. Net exports imply the difference between exports and imports in a specified period of time. The imports are subtracted from the exports because imports are a kind of expenditure that is incurred but it does not benefit the locals, thus a form of cash outflow from the economy. Exports are included as part of the Gross Domestic product because the expenditure on them is likely to benefit the locals because the goods and services were produced in the country in question according to Barro and Robert . Therefore economic growth arises from the change in any of the components of the gross domestic product as illustrates above.

Training And Development At Emirates Airlines Management Essay

Training And Development At Emirates Airlines Management Essay People are the heart and soul of any organization, therefore recruiting, training, as well as retaining high caliber of staff is one of the core values of any organization. As a result of the recognition of the importance of self-development and the increased knowledge and skills, the human resource department of Emirates Airlines has ventured into operating a high caliber of training programs (Graham, 2010). These programs are made accessible to all staff across the entire group. Training can be facilitated through a variety of methods. Some of the methods used in the facilitation of these programs include classroom based programs, e-learning, practical assessment, simulation, project bases trainings or a blend of either or more of these programs. For instance, Emirates Airlines has a network of learning resource centers within its headquarters in Dubai making it possible to have a learning environment for individual or group based training (Graham, 2010). In addition, Emirates learning portal is My Learning Zone. This is aimed at providing a one stop location for accessing, training and development information. It also provides online training for all her employees. The development of staff through training is basically motivated by the annual professional development courses in key areas or departments that need training and development (Graham, 2010). Training can also be carried out through seminars and conferences. This is aimed at keeping skills updated and to help employees remain abreast of the industry development. While most organization invests in training of their employees with an aim of building their moral, and motivates them, Emirates Airlines offers her employees an opportunity to develop their skills. The aim of this is to develop their confidence and improve their independence when they leave the organization (Graham, 2010). For instance, Emirates Airlines have developed an ICDL programme for their air cabin crew in order to empower them with the essential skills and widen their scope and competence in their specific job prospects. Introduction of Emirate Airline Emirate Airlines was founded in the year 1985 with the support of the Sheikh of the United Arab Emirates. The Dubai government in agreement with the Pakistan International Airlines helped in the formation of the airline (Graham, 2010). The initial destinations included Bombay, Delhi in India and Karachi. Currently, Emirates offers a number of scheduled, international, regional and domestic destinations. This ranges to a total of about 75 destinations in over 53 countries. Emirates Airline is part of the Emirates group. The group consists of various entities such as the airlines division, aircraft maintenance division as well as the cargo division. Other divisions include the hospitality division, an aviation college as well as transguard division. The aviation college was instituted to offer training and development of staff and partner organizations in the group (Graham, 2010). In addition, Emirates Airlines in one of the few airlines that hardly felt the harsh economic and aviation downtime in the past few years. This is as a result of the great marketing trends aimed at promoting Dubai as a world class tourism destination with tax-free shopping. In addition, Emirates Airlines also strives in promoting its hub in Dubai (Graham, 2010). This is because Dubai is believed to be the best geographically positioned city in connecting Asia and Europe. Since Dubai is known for its trade, Emirates Airlines operates large cargo aircrafts because of the large tourists number. This explains why Emirates Airlines is in a position to accommodate expanding international and regional market cargo demands. The main goal of Emirates Airlines is to keep expanding and this is the very reason why their market keeps expanding. Emirates Airlines was ranked the largest airlines carrier in the Middle East and among the ten largest in the world. This research was based on the international passenger traffic. Emirates Airlines is a fast growing international airline in possession of some of the youngest fleets of aircrafts and closely above 400 awards of excellence internationally (Graham, 2010). Emirates Organizational Chart Cargo Vice Chairman CEO CHAIRMAN Sales Emirates Airline Engineering Operations Service Dnata Facilities HR Dnata Service Departments HR chart of Emirates Airline Questionnaire on Training and Development in Emirates Airlines Qn. 1. Is there need for Proper Human Resource Management in Training and Development? The human resources department of Emirates Airlines takes the responsibility of ensuring employees satisfaction and efficiency at work. At Emirates, this department ensures that it helps the employees and organization at large to meet its objectives as well as strategic goals through proper management of her employees and their maintenance. For training and development to be achieved successfully, Emirates Airlines through its human resources department ensures that both political and legal factors are favorable for employee development (Graham, 2010). In this case, Emirates enjoys a competitive advantage since it is government owned. In addition, the government support economically makes the airline competitively effect training and development of her employees. Depending on the economic condition of the state, the human resources department can effectively decide on how to invest in training and development of the employees (Graham, 2010). In addition, the responsibility of the hum an resources department is to ensure that the socio-cultural factors surrounding the organization are conducive for training and development. Qn. 2. What is Emirates Airlines position in Training and Orientation? Emirates cabin crews are among the best in the world. According to the Emirates yearly report, the cabin crews are recruited all over the world and trained on one particular platform. Since the cabin crews are in constant interaction with the companys clients, the organization spends over six percent of its annual revenue in training and development of these staff. Emirates position is that better services can only be achieved through competitive skills. This is in line with their philosophy of continuous customer satisfaction (Graham, 2010). This is also as opposed to other airlines that spend three to four percent of their revenues in training and development. Emirates Airlines considers employee training and development as a very critical process for the organization. In addition, training is important because it puts emphasis on the skills an employee attains in improving the services offered in their immediate job. Furthermore, Emirates Airlines position on training is that the end result are big payoffs for the employees who are guaranteed improved productivity and competence should the employees get the right training at the right time. At Emirates, there is a systematic approach to training that is specifically built for employees (Graham, 2010). The training activities are further broken down to ensure that the needs of each employee are met. The most economical approach is chosen and the organization ensures that it is one that allows employees to also share their opinions and exchange their ideas with one another thus enhances individual knowledge. Qn. 3. How does Emirates Airlines undertake Career Planning Development? Initially, most people in employment would not have any reason to shift jobs or careers. Currently, times have changed and careers have become boundary less. These are careers that are not bound to any specific organization and expand through project based competency within a specific industry. As a result of this, Emirates Airlines have ensured they modernize the socio-cultural environment for its employees and increase the competitive forces revolving around their careers. In addition, Emirates embarks in restructuring the organization in order to ensure that employees careers are properly developed. For instance, at Emirates Airlines, candidates with previous knowledge in customer care service are highly appreciated (Graham, 2010). This implies that an employee working in a customer care organization is very relevant in Emirates Airlines. This is a way through which Emirates ensures that career planning and development is effectively carried out (Graham, 2010). Emirates Airlines uses HR planning and career planning in ensuring that the right candidates are selected and maintained. This simply implies taking the right person for the right job within the organization. According to information from Emirates database, this process entails staff retention, training and analysis of the staffs skills. Particularly, emirates need employees that are extroverts (Graham, 2010). The reason for this is to have employees that are ready to face new challenges. In order to undertake proper career development, employees here are trained to work in groups with colleagues from different cultural backgrounds. The human resources department accounts for this in order to effectively plan the process of fitting the right employees to the job in the entire organization. Again, Emirates Airlines ensures that her employees are served with their rights and remain responsible with these rights. With continued career development and training, the HR department gives employees the responsibility of ensuring that they remain up to date with relevant skills. For instance, Emirates ensures that all its employees posses at least a high school degree, and that all crew members are properly groomed at all times (Graham, 2010). Career plateauing is a critical stage in an employees career life and it is achieved when the chances for development are at minimal. Qn. 4. What are the Career Development Opportunities within Emirates Airlines? Within Emirates Airlines, internal applications are considered first before the external ones for any vacant position. These vacancies are first advertised internally before they are advertised externally. This is a method used by Emirates Airlines in ensuring competence and professionalism in the entire organization. As a result, employees get the opportunity to develop their careers internally. Again, there are specific conditions that any applicant must meet for him or her to qualify for the job (Graham, 2010). These conditions make the employee develop high levels of competence, improved skills and efficiency. They include an employee finishing at least a year in the current position or department. The reason for this is because the employee can be appraised from his current performance. In addition, the employee must meet all the minimum qualifications for the job and win the line managers approval for the job. Qn. 5 How does training help in developing people and Capabilities at Emirates Airlines Emirates Airlines is committed to facing challenges that most organizations may want to avoid. For instance, the challenge of developing greater confidence, initiative, solution finding as well as problem solving initiatives among her employees are some of the challenges Emirates has committed to. Emirates therefore commits to ensuring that its staff are at all times self-sufficient, resourceful and at the same time creative and autonomous (Graham, 2010). This initiative in turn helps employees engage in high level of productivity and competence. In addition, Emirates Airlines commits to development of employees by empowering their conventional skills (Graham, 2010). This program ensures employees are equipped with adequate techniques and methods. Furthermore, the human resources department ensures that staff maturity, belief and courage are also developed. As a result, this program ensures that managerial and strategic capabilities are also developed. Again, training and development ensures that the focus is in the individual and not the skill. Qn. 6. How does Emirates Airlines design self-study training and learning programmes? Emirates Airlines applies the same principles in application of self-study programs just like other methods of training. The internet has been used by the HR of Emirates Airlines to enable self-study learning and development programs to be more useful, empowering and cost effective than it was before (Graham, 2010). For this program to be successful, the HR department expects all employees to be creative and innovative. They encourage employees to engage the web for ideas and self study as well as self development resources. They also get information regarding group management and technology advancement. Qn. 7. How is mentoring linked to projects and objectives activities in this organization? One of the most productive and effective modern methods of training and development in various organizations, particularly for staff or departments and teams is linking mentoring and projects. This approach builds on management by objectives principles which are more participative, voluntary and inclusive (Graham, 2010). Mentoring is a facilitative approach that broadly features on strategic assessment of the organization and individual department priorities combined with high yield training needs. In addition, mentoring ensures that targeted staffs have interpreted discussion with line-managers of training delegates as well as strategic managers of the organization (Graham, 2010). Again, mentoring brings to picture pre-training skills/behavioral needs-analysis-all training delegates. Qn. 8. What are some of the Mentoring Principles and Techniques? The main role of mentors in training and development is to help mentees find the right answers for themselves. The principle for mentorship is said to be effective when the mentor helps mentees gain the experience of learning. The principle implies that the mentor focuses on mentoring efforts and expectations on helping and guiding the mentored to develop solutions and find answers for themselves. Most of the principles of mentoring are common to those of proper coaching, which are specifically prominent within line training. Qn. 9. What are some of the achievements resulting from training and development? Employers and managers have the responsibility of ensuring that training and development of staff is successful. Receiving recognition is a powerful tool in stimulating employees for further training and self development. The management therefore commits to recognizing employees achievements in helping to motivate them and have them implement the acquired skills. Qn. 10.What are some general training tips The tips must always apply to the traditional work related training. The tips never apply automatically to other forms of personal development and facilitation of learning process. Some of the tips to be considered in planning for training include assessing the objective of training and have them always in mind (Graham, 2010). In addition, the number of people to be trained is a factor to consider as well as the methods and format to be used in training. The length of the training and its venue is also a factor to be considered. Some other factors include the effectiveness of the training and how the reaction of the reaction of the trainee will be measured. A chart on Training and Development Observation and Analysis of the Information From the given information resulting from the questionnaire, it emerges that Emirates Airlines is among the leading organizations in the aviation industry in undertaking employee development. Emirates Airlines follow strategies and policies that are result oriented. The Human Resources department of this organization works towards the integration of the goals and visions into fruitful strategies (Graham, 2010). In addition to this, the line departments in conjunction with the HR have put in place facilities that effect internal growth and employees. This is achieved through the implementation of various up-to-date training programmes. Furthermore, Emirates Airlines take career planning very seriously and ensures that all her employees are suitable for every vacancy or positions within the organization (Graham, 2010). Emirates Airlines main goal is attaining the highest quality staff in the aviation industry. The government of Dubai plays a critical role in empowering the management of Emirates Airlines by providing suitable environment and resources for training and development. This comes in line with the massive investment the government has made in the company as an independent entity. Through training, Emirates strives to offer the best services globally to their customers and expand their business ventures (Graham, 2010). Training and development of employees has made Emirate Airlines an award winner in international cargo handling division, and its destination and leisure division being among the best. Training and development is also put in place so as to ensure that the airline maintains its reputation for excellence during its periods of rapid growth (Graham, 2010). Suggestions Making an organization successful in any specific setting needs crucial and detailed studies as well as investigation of the specific aspects that will serve the organization with the best results. Emirates Airlines has to ensure they look out with their rival companies as well as their overall status on strategies and events both internally and externally. This will help the organization know how it will sustain the comparative advantage it has on employee training and development at the moment. Furthermore, this strategy helps the organization analyze their strength in terms of employee empowerment, maximizing on their strength and eliminating their weaknesses. In addition, Emirates should use the reputation it has in the aviation industry to champion innovation and employee excellence through improved training. In addition to training, the company has the sole responsibility of ensuring that clients are provided with sage, dependable and most of friendly transportation tagged with other valued industrial services. Training should also be aimed at making services offered by the employees memorable to clients. Again, training should be customer oriented in a way that safety, convenience and customer comfort are taken into consideration. Finally, success is also attached to proper leadership. Emirates Airlines success should be attributed to generic strategies which one of them should include focus on leadership.

Abortion is a Constitutional Issue :: Free Abortion Essays

Many people believe abortion is a moral issue, but it is also a constitutional issue. It is a woman's right to choose what she does with her body, and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. This right is guaranteed by the ninth amendment, which contains the right to privacy. The ninth amendment states: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." This right guarantees the right to women, if they so choose to have an abortion, up to the end of the first trimester. Regardless of the fact of morals, a woman has the right to privacy and choice to abort her fetus. The people that hold a "pro-life" view argue that a woman who has an abortion is killing a child. The "pro-choice" perspective holds this is not the case. Before the 1973 landmark Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wage, whereby abortion was effectively legalized, women died by the thousands at the hands of back-alley butchers. S ince Roe, less than 1 woman in 100,000 will die from an abortion. In fact, the procedure results in fewer deaths than childbirth or even a shot of penicillin. Despite the official legality of the procedure, it is still largely under attack by opponents. The fight is far from over, and is important that anyone who champions a woman's right to choose understand the ongoing threats abortion faces. The New Civil War offers a clear, compelling explanation of the issues surrounding the procedure and the ways in which antiabortion activists attempt to criminalize it. Divided into five parts, The New Civil War does not leave one stone unturned. This collection of essays is well written, succinct, and concise. Indeed, such a book is a necessary resource for anyone interested not only in the abortion debate, but also in the overarching patriarchal structures that create and maintain women's subordination. Part I is entitled "The Sociopolitical Context of Abortion." The first chapter in this section reviews abortion's status in the courts since Roe. Wilcox, Robbernnolt, and O'Keefe highlight the necessity for psychologists to remain vocal in the debate, primarily by providing research supporting the findings that abortion does not promote ill effects in those women who have them. Antiabortionists continue successfully to push forth legislation designed to prevent women from willfully terminating their pregnancies.

Freud And Marx :: Sigmund Freud Karl Marx compare Essays

Freud and Marx   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud and Marx it can be argued were both, as individuals, dissatisfied with their societies. Marx more plainly than Freud, but Freud can also be seen as discontent in certain aspects such as his cynical view of human nature. Each were great thinkers and philosophers, but both seemed unhappy. Perhaps the social ills and trouble each perceived in the world about them were only the reflections of what each of the thinkers held within themselves. Each person observes the same world, but each of us interprets that information in a different way. They both saw the world as being injust or base. Each understood the disfunctions in society as being caused by some aspect of human greed or other similar instinct. They did however, disagree on what the vehicle for these instincts' corrupting influences are. Freud claimed that tension caused by the stuggle to repress anti-social instincts eventually was released and caused the social evils he observed. Marx also saw instincts at work but not the tensions and Id that Freud saw, Marx simply credited man's greed and the subsequent oppression of other men as the root to all that was wrong with civilization. It is interesting to note that both Freud and Marx saw conflict but each traced it back to sources each was respectively educated in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud was a Psychoanalyst and his understanding of the mind was very conflict oriented. He saw man as a kind of glorified animal who had the same desires and needs as any other animal. The only true difference between the human-animal and other animals was that the human-animal possessed an intellect. Freud divided man's psyche into three parts, the Id, Ego, and SuperEgo. What differed the human-animal from any other animal was the SuperEgo, which arose from man's intellect. The Super-Ego as Freud theorised it is the values of one's parents internalised. He went further to then explain that unhappiness in life is caused by the conflict between the Id and the SuperEgo. As stated, all of Frued's philosophy was very conflict oriented so it is not difficult to understand then how Freud applied this view macrocosmically to society as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud addressed this in his essay, "Civilization and It's Discontents". In it, Freud claimed that civilizations are developed through the channeling of anti-social erotic and aggressive urges into constructive outlets. He went further and explained that social ills are caused by those members of society who are not satisfied with the substitutes supplied by the channelling of anti- social instincts into social creative energies. Such repression causes a certain tension which after awhile cannot be repressed and is released in socially

A Dilema Enterprise

Delima Enterprise was founded in 1981 by En Zayed. The main business are trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. The enterprise was incorporated in 2004 as Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, with En. Zayed and his wife Puan Hashimah, as the controlling directors and two principal shareholders. The company activities had expanded into provision of engineering services as part of their business diversification and expansions plan.In May 2006, the company had secured a contract worth RM750,000 to be implemented over 6 months. Due to shortage of fund, company need to apply loan from Malayan Banking Berhad and CIMB Berhad totalling RM 1 million. In order to get the loan, they had to provide audited financial statements for the last two years. In July 2006, Encik Zayed engaged the external Auditor Aziz & Co. to perform the statutory audit for period 2003 to 2006. However, due to lack of knowledge about corporate administration, there are is sues arose that need to be settle by them.Furthering the discussion, there are some highlighted problems and issues that arise such as Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah who are the Directors of the organization were not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provisions of the Companies Act 1965 and their roles and duties as company directors. Besides than that, all the employees did not have the necessary job experiences and good background of studies and most of them are among the family members of the directors.In addition to that, all the records are not organized and filed accordingly. For example like the sales invoices and purchase order are manually prepared and not pre-numbered. There were long outstanding collections from trade debtors as the Monthly Statements of Accounts was not sent to customers on monthly basis. In fact, the standard operating procedure was not in place. Several assets purchased by the company were not recorded and overpayments made to Trade Creditors a nd some personal withdrawals and expenses were charged to the company.Whereas the unrecorded cash withdrawals and cash and Banks balances were not well reconciled. Based on those problems the role and responsibility of Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the Directors of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd should play a significant role in determining the future of the organization, establish the vision, mission and policies of the organization, set the strategy and structure and well delegate the authority to management. They should have the duty to act bona fide in the interests of the company. This duty is the most basic of all duties.What is meant by bona fide and in the best interests of the company is that both directors must at all times ensure that their actions are consistent with the well being of the company’s and they should not place themselves in a position where there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interest or duties of shares. In additio n to that, directors should not make any profit out of the position as the director. Yes, in this case there are abuses of power by management and breach of fiduciary on part of the directors as there is a conflict between Encik Zayed’s duty to the company and his personal interest.For example, personal vehicle expenses for Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah totaling RM50,150 charged to the company during 2005. They should at least prepare documents for anything they used for their personal so that later they can pay back to the company. Besides, he tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement, failing which Encik Zayed planned to terminate the auditor’s appointment and appoint new â€Å"friendly-party† auditor to negotiate.They also hired their own family members Puan Balqis and Encik Salam as Operations Manager and Human Resources and Administration Manager respectively. Encik Zayed was not willing to commit and invest on necessary tra ining to enhance the knowledge of the employees. Directors are responsible to provide corporate social responsibility and oversee management in order to implement an effective ethics corporate programs to safeguard interest of different stakeholders. Provide annual compliance and ethics training to all employees which are just one element of comprehensive compliance and ethics program.Not only Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the directors, but all the top management, employees, and the Company Secretary of the company should be responsible and accountable as well. Although Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah are the directors of the company, the officers should also support and give opinion in every decisions taken by directors. Employees below the officer level will have job titles and descriptions designed to meet the corporate goals as set by the directors. Company Secretary at all times should to assist the company towards proper objectives.In small businesses such as Delima Enterpri se, other duties commonly undertaken by company secretaries may include entering into contractual agreements with suppliers and customers and managing office space and property and dealing with personnel administration In regards of the improper documentation and transaction records includes the sales invoice and purchase order, the MYOB programmed was not integrated and several pages of the Account Receivables listing is missing may impact of time consuming and fraud may happened.Therefore, they should use updated to latest accounting software which is MYOB to improve the accounting system, the monthly statement of accounts send on time to remind the outstanding balances, they should prepare a proper filing documentation based on book keeping process for easy references and ensure all the transactions are pre numbered accordingly. Besides than that, the employees prepare their own attendance without any supervision also may lead to fraud and work inefficiency. They should assign su pervisors to manage the timesheets for time in and time out of the employees and get an approval from the directors.The salary and wages are paid in monthly basis including EPF and SOCSO based on the approved timesheet. There is no Standard Operating Procedure as all the decisions are authorized by En Zayed and Puan Hashimah, there is no reconciliation performed for each accounts and withdrawals are made from the company without proper documentation. Each department should implement the SOP and ensure they are compliance to the SOP in every decision making and documentation that have been made or prepared.There is problem from Human Resource manager where En Salam hire unqualified and inexperience employees to conduct the professional task and caused the employees not able to perform their work well due to lack of knowledge and give a bad reputation of the company indirectly. For a better performance, HR manager should hire more qualified employees and implement SOP during the emplo yees’ recruitment. For those who are not well recognized the SOP, employer should provide the training either for a new or existing employees.Below are the proposed organizational charts for the Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. So as a conclusion, there are some improvement that need to be done for a better leadership and management in future such as constructively and restructure the organizational and draft the applicable Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the company to operate effectively and efficiently. They should focus to the quatitative and quanlitative characteristic that should be implement and practices by the employees in the whole organization.Assessment and decision making organizational should be restructure enables employees to participate and contribute fresh ideas and support or argue some issues that they feels unease and may lead to a bad performance of the organization. Each level of management should understand their job description so that more quality j ob is performed and avoid the task redundancy among the employees. In addition to that, they should prevent any breach of fiduciary responsibilities sufficient control mechanisms in order for the organization are compliance to law or any rules and regulations. A Dilema Enterprise Delima Enterprise was founded in 1981 by En Zayed. The main business are trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. The enterprise was incorporated in 2004 as Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, with En. Zayed and his wife Puan Hashimah, as the controlling directors and two principal shareholders. The company activities had expanded into provision of engineering services as part of their business diversification and expansions plan.In May 2006, the company had secured a contract worth RM750,000 to be implemented over 6 months. Due to shortage of fund, company need to apply loan from Malayan Banking Berhad and CIMB Berhad totalling RM 1 million. In order to get the loan, they had to provide audited financial statements for the last two years. In July 2006, Encik Zayed engaged the external Auditor Aziz & Co. to perform the statutory audit for period 2003 to 2006. However, due to lack of knowledge about corporate administration, there are is sues arose that need to be settle by them.Furthering the discussion, there are some highlighted problems and issues that arise such as Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah who are the Directors of the organization were not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provisions of the Companies Act 1965 and their roles and duties as company directors. Besides than that, all the employees did not have the necessary job experiences and good background of studies and most of them are among the family members of the directors.In addition to that, all the records are not organized and filed accordingly. For example like the sales invoices and purchase order are manually prepared and not pre-numbered. There were long outstanding collections from trade debtors as the Monthly Statements of Accounts was not sent to customers on monthly basis. In fact, the standard operating procedure was not in place. Several assets purchased by the company were not recorded and overpayments made to Trade Creditors a nd some personal withdrawals and expenses were charged to the company.Whereas the unrecorded cash withdrawals and cash and Banks balances were not well reconciled. Based on those problems the role and responsibility of Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the Directors of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd should play a significant role in determining the future of the organization, establish the vision, mission and policies of the organization, set the strategy and structure and well delegate the authority to management. They should have the duty to act bona fide in the interests of the company. This duty is the most basic of all duties.What is meant by bona fide and in the best interests of the company is that both directors must at all times ensure that their actions are consistent with the well being of the company’s and they should not place themselves in a position where there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interest or duties of shares. In additio n to that, directors should not make any profit out of the position as the director. Yes, in this case there are abuses of power by management and breach of fiduciary on part of the directors as there is a conflict between Encik Zayed’s duty to the company and his personal interest.For example, personal vehicle expenses for Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah totaling RM50,150 charged to the company during 2005. They should at least prepare documents for anything they used for their personal so that later they can pay back to the company. Besides, he tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement, failing which Encik Zayed planned to terminate the auditor’s appointment and appoint new â€Å"friendly-party† auditor to negotiate.They also hired their own family members Puan Balqis and Encik Salam as Operations Manager and Human Resources and Administration Manager respectively. Encik Zayed was not willing to commit and invest on necessary tra ining to enhance the knowledge of the employees. Directors are responsible to provide corporate social responsibility and oversee management in order to implement an effective ethics corporate programs to safeguard interest of different stakeholders. Provide annual compliance and ethics training to all employees which are just one element of comprehensive compliance and ethics program.Not only Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the directors, but all the top management, employees, and the Company Secretary of the company should be responsible and accountable as well. Although Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah are the directors of the company, the officers should also support and give opinion in every decisions taken by directors. Employees below the officer level will have job titles and descriptions designed to meet the corporate goals as set by the directors. Company Secretary at all times should to assist the company towards proper objectives.In small businesses such as Delima Enterpri se, other duties commonly undertaken by company secretaries may include entering into contractual agreements with suppliers and customers and managing office space and property and dealing with personnel administration In regards of the improper documentation and transaction records includes the sales invoice and purchase order, the MYOB programmed was not integrated and several pages of the Account Receivables listing is missing may impact of time consuming and fraud may happened.Therefore, they should use updated to latest accounting software which is MYOB to improve the accounting system, the monthly statement of accounts send on time to remind the outstanding balances, they should prepare a proper filing documentation based on book keeping process for easy references and ensure all the transactions are pre numbered accordingly. Besides than that, the employees prepare their own attendance without any supervision also may lead to fraud and work inefficiency. They should assign su pervisors to manage the timesheets for time in and time out of the employees and get an approval from the directors.The salary and wages are paid in monthly basis including EPF and SOCSO based on the approved timesheet. There is no Standard Operating Procedure as all the decisions are authorized by En Zayed and Puan Hashimah, there is no reconciliation performed for each accounts and withdrawals are made from the company without proper documentation. Each department should implement the SOP and ensure they are compliance to the SOP in every decision making and documentation that have been made or prepared.There is problem from Human Resource manager where En Salam hire unqualified and inexperience employees to conduct the professional task and caused the employees not able to perform their work well due to lack of knowledge and give a bad reputation of the company indirectly. For a better performance, HR manager should hire more qualified employees and implement SOP during the emplo yees’ recruitment. For those who are not well recognized the SOP, employer should provide the training either for a new or existing employees.Below are the proposed organizational charts for the Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. So as a conclusion, there are some improvement that need to be done for a better leadership and management in future such as constructively and restructure the organizational and draft the applicable Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the company to operate effectively and efficiently. They should focus to the quatitative and quanlitative characteristic that should be implement and practices by the employees in the whole organization.Assessment and decision making organizational should be restructure enables employees to participate and contribute fresh ideas and support or argue some issues that they feels unease and may lead to a bad performance of the organization. Each level of management should understand their job description so that more quality j ob is performed and avoid the task redundancy among the employees. In addition to that, they should prevent any breach of fiduciary responsibilities sufficient control mechanisms in order for the organization are compliance to law or any rules and regulations.